Principles for solar power generating system:
A photovoltaic system mainly consists of solar modules, controllers, batteries, inverters and lighting loads. The solar modules and batteries are power-supply system; the controllers and inverters are control and protection system; the loads are terminal system.
Each part of the system:
1. Solar panel: The solar panel is the core and the most valuable partial of the solar energy generating system. Its function is transforming the radiant energy of the sunlight into the electrical energy, either transmitting the energy to the accumulator to save, either driving load work. The quality and the cost of the solar panel will decide the quality and the cost of the overall system.
2. Solar energy controller: The solar energy controller can control the working status of the system. In the same time, protect the accumulator from over charging and over discharging. In the area of big difference in temperature, a qualified controller should compensate the difference in temperature automatically. Other attachment function, like the light control switch, the time controls switch are options.
3. Accumulator: Generally, the accumulator is the plumbous acid battery. I small system, it also can use nickel hydrogen battery, the nickel cadmium battery or the lithium battery. Function: deposit the electrical energy sending out by the solar panel, release it when needed.
4. Inverter: Usually, we have to offer 220AC and 110AC alternating current. Because the solar energy direct output is 12VDC, 24VDC or 48VDC.We have to use the DC-AC inverter and transform them to alternating current. Sometime we should use the DC-DC inverter.
The design of solar energy generating system should consider the following factors:
1. In which area the system will be used? How about the sunlight radiation in this district ?
2. What about the load power ?
3. What about the output voltage? Direct current or alternating current ?
4. How many hours does the system need to work every day ?
5. how many days the system have to supply the power continuously when meet the overcast weather ?
6. The situation of load, the pure resistance, the capacitive character, inductive character, the starting current ?